O-rings are closed, circular seals, the operation of which is based on the deformation of their cross-section
O-rings are produced as continuous coils from elastomeric materials, such as NBR, FKM (Viton), EPDM etc., by vulcanisation in moulds
The simple design and reliability of the sealing function of O-rings are ingenious
O-rings are therefore the most widely used type of seal
Their cost-effective manufacture and straightforward installation make O-rings unrivalled
The specification of O-rings consists of the inner diameter and the cross-section thickness in mm, together with the material designation and its hardness
Standard material colour:
EPDM 70, black
FKM 75, green
FKM 75, brown
FKM 80, green
FKM 80, brown
FKM 80, black
FKM 90, green
FKM 90, black
HNBR 70, black
NBR 70, black
NBR 80, black
NBR 90, black
VMQ 70, reddish-brown
FKM/FEP, transparent/black
VMQ/FEP, transparent/reddish-brown
Tolerances:
In accordance with DIN 3771 / ISO 3601
Operating parameters:
Temperature EPDM 70 Sulphur: -45 °C to +130 °C
Temperature EPDM 70 peroxide: -50 °C to +150 °C
Temperature (FKM): -15 °C to +200 °C
Temperature HNBR: -30 °C to +150 °C
NBR temperature range: -30 °C to +100 °C
Temperature VMQ 70: -55 °C to +200 °C
Areas of application:
O-rings are primarily used to seal stationary machine and plant components (static applications) against liquid and gaseous media, e.g. flange and cover seals, threaded pipe connections, and cylinder heads and bases in hydraulic cylinders
Under certain conditions, O-rings can also be used in reciprocating and rotating movements (dynamic applications)
With a professionally designed and well-constructed installation space and the correct choice of material, pressures of up to 1000 bar can be sealed
Support rings may need to be used
O-rings are used in numerous sectors, such as hydraulics, pneumatics, vacuum applications, the fittings industry, the automotive industry, as well as in mechanical engineering and plant construction
Mounting spaces:
The installation spaces (grooves) for O-rings should, where possible, be cut rectangular and machined with care
Burrs, scratches and nicks must be avoided
The dimensions for the required groove depth and width depend on the application and the O-ring's strength
Design tips and tables with dimensions can be found in our O-ring catalogue
To facilitate installation, we can offer various surface treatments on request
Selection of groove depth and width:
To achieve a good sealing function, you should select O-rings with the highest possible cord strength
The hardness of the O-ring material to be selected depends on the pressure, the gap size, the sealing method (static/dynamic) and the surface quality of the machine components
For standard applications, we recommend a hardness of 70 Shore A when selecting the material
You should also ensure the correct pre-tension, elongation or compression, and groove fill
Materials:
EPDM
EPDM materials are generally highly resistant to hot water, water vapour, ageing and chemicals, and enable a wide range of thermal applications
They are divided into sulphur- and peroxide-vulcanised types, with the peroxide-vulcanised types being able to withstand higher thermal loads and exhibiting significantly lower residual deformation
EPDM is highly resistant to hot water and water vapour, detergents, sodium and potassium alkalis, silicone oils and greases, many polar solvents, and many diluted acids and chemicals
Special compounds must be used with glycol-based brake fluids
EPDM materials are absolutely not resistant to mineral oil-based products (lubricating oils, motor fuels)
Permissible temperatures range from -45°C to +130°C (-50°C to +150°C for peroxide mixtures)
FKM
FKM materials are characterised by their excellent resistance to high temperatures and chemicals
It should also be noted that they are highly resistant to ageing and ozone, have low gas permeability (making them very suitable for vacuum applications) and exhibit self-extinguishing fire behaviour
The standard FKM material for O-rings is highly resistant to mineral oils and greases, aliphatic, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, motor fuels, the flame-retardant fluids HFD and many organic solvents and chemicals
In addition to the standard FKM materials, various special compounds are available which, due to their different molecular structures and varying fluorine contents (65% to 71%), are ideally suited to specialised applications
FKM is generally not resistant to hot water, water vapour, polar solvents, glycol-based brake fluids and low-molecular-weight organic acids
HNBR
HNBR is produced by the complete or partial hydrogenation of NBR
This significantly improves its heat, ozone and ageing resistance and results in very good mechanical properties
Its resistance to media is comparable to that of NBR
They are used at temperatures ranging from approximately -30 °C to +150 °C
NBR
NBR is the most commonly used material for O-rings due to its good mechanical properties and resistance to mineral oil-based lubricants and greases
These properties are largely determined by the acrylonitrile content (ACN between 18% and 50%)
A low ACN content results in good flexibility at low temperatures but limited resistance to oils and motor fuels; as the ACN content increases, flexibility at low temperatures decreases whilst resistance to oil and motor fuel increases
Dichtomatik's standard NBR material for O-rings has a medium ACN content, covering a wide range of applications
This material possesses good mechanical and processing properties, e.g. high wear resistance, low gas permeability and good resistance to mineral oil-based lubricating oils and greases, hydraulic oils H, H-L, H-LP, flame-retardant fluids HFA, HFB, HFC, aliphatic hydrocarbons, silicone oils and greases, and water up to approx. 80°C
NBR is generally not resistant to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, motor fuels with a high aromatic content, polar solvents, glycol-based brake fluids and the flame-retardant fluids HFD
NBR is less resistant to ozone, weathering and ageing
In the vast majority of applications, however, this has no adverse effect
VMQ
Silicone compounds are characterised by their wide range of thermal applications and their excellent resistance to ozone, weathering and ageing
The mechanical properties of silicone are inferior to those of other elastomers
In general, silicone materials are non-toxic; they are used, for example, in the food and medical industries
Standard silicone material can be used at temperatures ranging from -55°C to +200°C and is resistant to water (up to 100°C), aliphatic engine and gear oils, animal and vegetable oils and fats
Silicone is generally not resistant to motor fuels, aromatic mineral oils, water vapour (brief exposure up to 120°C is possible), silicone oils and greases, acids and alkalis
Fitting:
During installation, care must be taken to avoid any damage to the O-ring, as this may otherwise lead to leaks
Furthermore, the following guidelines must be observed:
The O-ring must not be stretched to its yield point
Edges must be free of burrs; rounded sections and chamfers must be fitted seamlessly
Dust, dirt, metal shavings and other particles must be removed
Sharp points on the thread and installation spaces for other seals and guide elements must be covered using a mounting sleeve
Mounting surfaces and O-rings must be lubricated with a suitable grease
Heating in oil or hot water to approx. 80°C makes elastomers more pliable. This makes it easier to stretch the O-ring for fitting
Any fitting tools, such as mandrels or sleeves, must be made of a soft material (e.g. POM) and must not have any sharp edges
The O-ring must not be rolled over the mounting surfaces. When fitting into the groove, the O-ring must not twist